Endoscopy

Endoscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure that allows doctors to diagnose and treat a wide variety of conditions. Learn about the different types, preparation, procedure, risk, side effects and recovery associated with this procedure.

Endoscopy Procedure and Surgery

Endoscopy is a non-surgical treatment that involves passing a flexible tube containing a camera and light into the mouth and into the digestive tract to look for abnormalities. It is a minimally invasive surgical method that use endoscopes to see and execute surgical operations through tiny incisions or natural orifices, performed by a team of healthcare professionals that includes a doctor, nurse, and anaesthetist.

Types of Endoscopy

Upper Endoscopy: A procedure used to examine the oesophagus, stomach and the first part of the small intestine.

Lower Endoscopy: A procedure used to examine the colon and rectum.

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): A procedure used to examine organs and tissues that are near the digestive tract.

Preparation for Endoscopy Procedure

Fast before the surgery to allow the digestive system to empty. Adjust or discontinue drugs a few days before the surgery. If you have any allergies or medical concerns, tell your doctor. Arrange for someone to take you home after the treatment because the sedative effects will persist for several hours.

Procedure and What Happens During an Endoscopy

• During the procedure, a local anaesthetic throat spray is used to numb the back of the throat to reduce the gag reflex.
• The endoscope is then passed through the mouth and into the digestive tract while the patient is under sedation.
• The procedure takes about 20-30 minutes to complete.
• If any abnormalities are detected, the doctor may take a small sample of tissue for further testing or perform a therapeutic procedure.

Risk and Side Effects of Endoscopy

Risks

Although it is a safe procedure, there is a small risk of complications such as perforation or bleeding from the site where the sample was taken.

Side Effects

Some patients may experience sore throat or bloating due to the air that is pumped into the digestive tract during the procedure.

Recovery after Endoscopy

Following a procedure, you will be observed for a short amount of time before being discharged. Medication may be provided to relieve discomfort or negative effects. Your doctor will give you post-procedure instructions and will tell you when you may resume normal activities.

Diseases that Can be Detected Through Endoscopy

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Celiac disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Ulcers, Hiatal hernias, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Cancer.

Respiratory Disorders

Asthma, Lung abscesses, Lung tumors, Pulmonary fibrosis.

Others

Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) diseases.

When is an Endoscopy Needed?

Endoscopy is used to investigate and diagnose a range of medical conditions affecting different organs and systems of the body. Endoscopy can also be used as a screening tool for certain diseases, such as colorectal cancer.

Considerations for Anesthesia and Risks

Endoscopy can be performed under conscious sedation or general anesthesia depending on the complexity of the procedure and the patient’s medical condition. The risks associated with anesthesia are generally low. However, some patients may experience complications such as allergic reactions, nausea, or vomiting.